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Latin American feminism broadly encompasses multiple positions, many of which are in tension with each other. The diversity of feminisms is owed to the various regions and their histories which demanded social, cultural, governmental, and organizational transformations in their own capacities. Hence, the present discussion of the general concept of Latin American feminism methodologically necessitates historical sensitivity to apprehend the intimate relationship between the development of different ideas and the heterogeneous political conditions that give rise to them. But while Latina teens have amuch higher rateof teenage pregnancies than their white peers, they don’t have sex more often than their white counterparts. In fact, a2009 studylooking at sexual health factors in teens by race and ethnicity shows that the female rate of teenage intercourse for Latinas and non-Latina whites are identical, with 45% of teen girls from both racial/ethnic groups reporting having had sex.

Ideas that are now coded as feminist are identified as such in retrospect, but in order to do them justice, they need to be accounted for in their historicity. This study has limitations such as missing data, and variation in death certification validity and completeness. In addition, we could not retrieve mortality data from Guatemala and Bolivia, two of the poorest countries in Latin America. Moreover, several countries evidenced variations of mortality rates during the study period, which can be explained by the quality of death registration in each country.

In French, nouns are male or female, but in Cree, nouns are living or non-living, animate or inanimate. “Hey, are you female today? […] The Skofnung Sword […] can’t be drawn in the presence of women.” Women’s Health cover star Eva pressed pause on acting after her role in Lost River, a 2014 film directed by her partner, Ryan Gosling. But her parts in various popular films—Hitch, The Other Guys, and The Place Beyond the Pines to name a few—most certainly helped pave the way for other Latina actresses. In addition to being an actress, Roselyn is also a singer-songwriter, producer, writer, model and dancer.

Many of them participated in the civil rights, antiwar, gay rights, and feminist movements. This list is by no means exhaustive, and further figures like Rosario Castellanos of Mexico and Celia Amorós of Spain should not be forgotten as they influenced the positions developed by these thinkers.

The pandemic appears to have triggered small positive changes in some important dimensions critical to women’s empowerment. The progress that women have made in terms of educational achievements is indisputable. In many countries, women have narrowed the gender gap in educational attainment and even surpassed men in enrollment and completion rates in secondary and tertiary education. For instance, in Jamaica, girls are slightly more likely than boys to complete lower secondary education (84.7% vs. 83.4%, respectively).

The intersection between women’s ideas about resistance and the ideas that could lead to social transformation was not necessarily understood as feminist in its time.
Ministry of Interior and Public Security, Ministry of Women and Gender Equity, and UN Women signed an agreement on gender equality and public security.
Much of the discrimination experienced by women in the working environment is related to motherhood.
As women, racial and ethnic minorities and members of a low socioeconomic status group, Latinas posses a triple minority status, all of which impact their educational opportunities.
Both gender-based violence and femicide—killing a woman simply because of her gender—increased dramatically.

Aiming to unsettle readers and offer social critique, writers like Samanta Schweblin and Mónica Ojeda are in a new vanguard. The research for this essay was supported by a Summer Stipend from the Research Center for the Humanities and Social Sciences at William Paterson University and the Woodrow Wilson Career Enhancement Fellowship (2017–2018). I would like to thank Andrea J. Pitts, Mariana Ortega, Adriana Novoa, and Jamilett Aguirre for their advice, encouragement, and support in the research process as well as the reviewers whose suggestions greatly helped the framing of the essay. Since COVID-19 lockdowns have subsided, femicide rates have also dropped in places like Brazil and Mexico. While some Hispanics say Latinx should be used as a pan-ethnic term, few say they prefer it over others. A majority (61%) say they prefer Hispanic to describe the Hispanic or Latino population in the U.S., and 29% say they prefer Latino.

However, unlike Latin American philosophy, Latin American feminisms have responded to this concern by developing theories that attend to dynamics with which ideas travel and the way in which ideas are re-negotiated and re-signified as they move across locations. Latin American feminisms have critically argued against the general understanding that ideas are formed in the “North” and travel to the “South” . In order to defend this position, it is argued that the act of translating is itself a materially situated political task that re-signifies ideas as they migrate into varying contexts. The ideas that emerge in the Latin American context are themselves unique to the circumstances that generate their conditions of articulation. However, circumstance is not sufficient to create uniqueness; rather, the processes of translation involved in the movement of ideas across hemispheres shift meaning. Surprisingly, our assessment showed that Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Costa Rica had an initial downward trend followed by a significant upward trend.

Middle English

Importantly, the same surveys show, country of origin labels are preferred to these pan-ethnic terms among the population they are meant to describe. Throughout the last half-century in the U.S., different pan-ethnic terms have arisen to describe Americans who trace their roots to Latin America and Spain. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/mentalhealth.htm However, for the population it is meant to describe, only 23% of U.S. adults who self-identify as Hispanic or Latino have heard of the term Latinx, and just 3% say they use it to describe themselves, according to a nationally representative, bilingual survey of U.S. Language dominance is a composite measure based 99brides.com/latin-brides-for-marriage on self-described assessments of speaking and reading abilities. Spanish-dominant people are more proficient in Spanish than in English (i.e., they speak and read Spanish “very well” or “pretty well” but rate their English-speaking and reading ability lower). Latinx is a term used to describe people who are of or relate to Latin American origin or descent. The National Latina Institute for Reproductive Justice is endeavoring to comply with all applicable laws and regulations to the best of its understanding and ability, including the changes to Texas law made effective September 1, 2021.

Radical Women: Latin American Art, 1960–1985

López and Segura agree that, while legislation is improving, women must come together to empower each other. If they continue working, the employer is not obligated to grant them maternity leave or paid paternity leave, nor any other benefit related to the birth of the baby. “To believe in our potential as women is important and urgent in order to transform our society,’’ states Segura and this will be possible in countries that guarantee frameworks that protect women in various spheres, including in the working environment.

Bolivia, Guatemala, and Honduras were excluded because data were not available for more than 5 years. According to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), which was used by all countries at the time of the study, we identified cervical neoplasm by code C53 . Population figures were obtained from the United Nations World Population Prospects 2017 Revision, by age, country and year . “As we come to the end of Hispanic Heritage Month in the midst of a global pandemic and continued racial injustice, many of us in the Latinx community have found it difficult to celebrate,” the letter began. “Inspired by the activism of the Black and Indigenous communities, many of whom also identify as Latinx, we stand in solidarity with our fellow Black, Native and Indigenous writers, co-signing their WGAW Open Letters and echoing their demands for systemic change in our industry.” The best way to celebrate International Women’s Day is to take immediate action for gender equality now that the worst of the pandemic is over, to ensure a more inclusive and sustainable future.

A 2005studylooking at almost 2,000 Latinas ranging in age from 11 to 20 years old concluded that eating disorders are prevalent in all subgroups, illustrating that these illnesses cut across race, ethnicity, class and age. Honduran women, for example, only make 44 cents, Guatemalan women make 47 cents, and Salvadoran women make 49 cents for every dollar paid to white, non-Hispanic men, the NWLC reports.

Although widely used, this terminology is somewhat vague as it does not distinguish XY females with gonadal dysgenesis from XY females with androgen resistance. For example, the proportion ofMexican women who had an account at a financial institution in 2017 was only 33%, as opposed to 41% of the men, both falling below the regional average and that of upper middle-income countries. In Argentina last year there were 251 recorded femicides — the killing of women for being women — according to official figures. In “Witches,” published in August by Catapult, the Mexican author Brenda Lozano used the space between the real and unreal to explore “different levels” of violence against women — from expectations about gender roles to abuse and femicide. Like Dueñas and Dávila before them, Ojeda and other contemporary writers in Latin America use different means to confront the often fraught realities for women in the region. But their form of feminism, such as it is, represents an “evolution” from the writing of the last century, said Alemany Bay. While dubbed the “years of silence”, the work of women writers during this period did find voice through literature and poetry.